Poetry Essay Essay

In the verses How to Eat a Poem by Eve Merriam and Introduction to verse line by Billy Collins, serious root words argon presented about how numbers should be experienced and enjoyed. The poets used the techniques extended metaphor, repetition, metaphors and personification to show me how these ideas is important.In How to Eat a Poem by Eve Merriam, the author describes how poetry is to be experienced. verse doesnt need any manners and has no rules. Dont be polite / Bite in. is an example of just jumping in to poetry because its got no manners and its for everyone. It is ready and ripe now, whenever you are. Shows us that poetry is for everyone. Poetry never goes away because it always written on paper. Its not hard you dont have to be clever to enjoy poetry because its always there to be read. Poetry is to be experienced and enjoyed by anyone.In the poem How to Eat a Poem, the techniques of Extended metaphor and repetition are used to show me the important idea. Extended metap hor us used in the lines Pick it up with your fingers and lick the juice that. / May rush down your chin. / It is ready and ripe now, whenever you are. To analyse juicy fruit to poetry.Through doing this, the poet helps me show that poetry is about experiencing poetry, and not holding back but in fact diving in. It also helps me understand that you can be messy and enjoy your poem. Repetition is used in the lines or stem / or rind / or pit / or seed or skin. To compare poetry to the inside of a fruit. Doing this has helped me understand that poems arent hard, that they are fun and dont have the bad bit of a fruit. That its re each(prenominal)y tasty and anyone can do it. These two techniques help compare juicy fruit to poems.In the poem Introduction to Poetry the poet shows me the important idea that poetry is about having fun. Poems are made to have fun for everybody not just cleverest people. Its for people who like having fun. I want them to waterski / across the come forward of a poem / waiving at the authors name on the shore.The author is also trying to tell you to not over prove things. In the poem it states that all we want to do is torture it and get a acknowledgment out of it. Poems are to be about having fun, not trying to find every manageable meaning and to just skim across getting the ideas that the poet wants us too. Poems are about having fun and not over analyzing them.In the poem Introduction to Poetry, the techniques metaphor and personification are used to show me the important idea. Metaphor is used in the lines I want them to waterski / across the surface of a poem / waving at the authors name on the surface. Which compares waterskiing and having fun to a poem that is fun and relaxing. This helps me understand that poetry is fun and relaxing just like waterskiing. When you animadvert yourself waterskiing you imagine a sunny day, speeding along bouncing up and down on waves while waving to your friends on the shore in the sand.Poems are the same you can enjoy yourself through rhyming or using alliteration. All the techniques that make a poem fun and enjoyable to write and read. personification is used in the lines But all they want to do / is tie the poem to a chair with a rope / and torture a confession out of it to compare tying up a person to a chair and trying to get a confession out of it. Over analyzing a poem and taking meanings that arent meant to be instead of taking the idea that the poet tries to convey.Doing this the poet helps me understand that poetry is to be about the images or the meanings that the poet is telling you. That poetry doesnt need to be tied to a chair and tortured, so it gives a confession that it doesnt have to be an expert that needs to analyze it, anyone can do it. Poetry is intended to be enjoyed, anyone can do it, it doesnt need to be over analyzed.Both of these poems have helped me understand to a greater extent about poetry and what its about. That poetry is about having fun and to be experienced by everyone. Anyone and everyone can enjoy poems, they dont have to be the cleverest or the smartest to understand poetry. I think these two poems represent what poems are about.

Once More To The Lake: An Appraisal Essay

E. B. ovalbumins leaven entitled Once More To The Lake is a classic lawsuit of a modest literary work that is able to, more or less, effectively cause the message of the beginning to his readers. Modest, if only to point, is such a stiff term. yet since there is no need to excessively indulge with having to justify the choice of word, it must be qualified that, while the author was able to convey effectively his chief intention for write the essay, his work is nevertheless not without identifiable ambiguities and areas for improvement. That being said, this paper attempts to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of E. B. tweeds essay by perusing the very work itself.Appraising E. B. Whites EssayFirst, there is a need to primarily square with the general observations that may be leveled with Whites essay. At first glance, Whites essay seems to largely pertain to the authors vivid recollections about his childhood experiences into the lake of Maine. In fact, 1 of Whites streng ths lies in articulating well his gripping sense of nostalgia as a force that strongly lends an inspiration for his work. This is shown in how he communicates his memories passim the essay in a manner noticeably recurrent.As a way to demonstrate this point in contention, it would be helpful to cite a few quotes from White himself. For instance, in whizz of his entries he shares I bought myself a couple of bass hooks and a spinner and returned to the lake where we used to go, for a weeks fishing and to revisit old haunts. And in another example he relates, .everything was as it always had been, that the long time were a mirage and there had been no years. Still, this quote seems to be another glaring example It seemed to me, as I kept remembering all this, that those times and those summers had been infinitely precious and worth salvage1 (White).These three quotes, among a host of notable others, represent the overarching theme of remembrance evidently palpable, if not all toget her patent in Whites essay. that it needs to be further asserted that Whites goal for writing the essay is not at all restricted into on the face of it sharing his cherished memories. Put in other words, White seems to convey something much more profound than merely engaging into an emotional recollection of his past. If one were to carefully appreciate the full tonality of essay, it would appear that White is actually preoccupied subtly, to say the least with an endeavor to convey the fact of his mortality. This is a divine revelation he makes towards the end of his opus in saying, suddenly my groin felt the chill of death (White). In ways more than one, it would not even be wrong to claim that mortality, and not the recurrent theme of recollection, is actually the whole point of the essay.It seems needless to point that White uses a special writing technique here i.e., after an elaborate presentation of his vivid recollections, it seems that all White wanted to say was that h e now feels the pangs of his mortality. If taken into this specific context, it would look as though White simply used the lengthy essay as a springboard from which his point is to be ultimately drawn. Whether this arouse approach would serve well the essay or not depends on how readers are able to read between the lines.On the one hand, if readers will take place to realize Whites brilliance in the process, the technique surely has served the essay well. On the other hand, there a high possibility that readers would discharge Whites message since the crux of the matter seems to be wrapped in an elaborate cocoon of complexly constituted sentence constructions. All things considered however, one can safely say that Whites essay has been relatively successful in conveying both messages thus far identified.Next, there is excessively a need to look into how Whites writing styles are able to contribute to the military posture of his essay. First among the list involves how the auth or was able to successfully develop his persona in the essay. Since Whites essay is of personal nature, the development of his persona and the expression of his feelings through narration, description or dialogue break away a crucial role for the work (Blau, Elbow & Killgallon 33 Anderson, et. al. 451). In many ways, White is able to use the techniques of narration and description for the said purposes handsome well.In fact, it is only by right of justice that one must give a fair amount of credit to White for consistently weave his persona all throughout his work. Second, the admirable manner by which the author is able to use the written language to speak volumes for the essay should merit an financial statement as well. Simply put, one cannot just let Whites talent of using graphical descriptions in his account pass by unnoticed. White writes for instance, .in the shallows, the dark, water-soaked sticks and twigs, smooth and old, were undulating in clusters on the bottom again st the clean ribbed sand, and the track of the mussel was plain.Still in another entry he puts Summertime, oh summertime, pattern of career indelible, the fade proof lake, the woods unshatterable, the pasture with the sweet fern and the juniper forever and ever, summer without end (White). If these quotes say anything about White, it merely tells of his undeniably extensive writing talent. Thus, if one thinks that creative writing is an art that needs to be nurtured, it has to be acknowledged that White is a person who has perfected it somewhat.Certain ambiguities or alleged(prenominal) aspects palpable in Whites essay need to be also raised. First, because White is able to playfully joggle up words and sentences in his essay with much facility, it seems that this admirable talent proves to have a drawback as well. This manifests in how White occasionally falls into incoherence problems. For instance, there is an entry in his essay where White at first was recounting a scene at a tennis court and suddenly shifts attention towards a eating house scenario, without proper vicissitude techniques. Concretely, he writes sagged in the dry noon, and the whole place steamed with midday heat and hunger and emptiness. There was a choice of pie for dessert, and one was blueberry and one was apple (White).This in part violates a fundamental rule in paragraph composition which states, good paragraphing is marked by limpidity and coherence (Shaw 23). Second, it seems that because of the very personal nature of his essay, White is able to capitalize on the liberty of writing his piece marked by randomness and spontaneity. But this approach makes Whites essay more fluid than flowing. In most cases, it affects the progression of the storyline as well. For instance, the third to the last paragraph of the essay begins with the phrase We had a good week at the camp.It seems as though White intends to wrap his work up with such a summation. But the next paragraph again recalls an afternoon.there at that lake when a thunderstorm came up (White). At the very least, the approach is very ant-climatic and it too violates the basic coordinate of narrative essays which usually follow a chronological pattern (Gillespie, et. al. 1030). In the final analysis, it has to be admitted that such an oversight if it can be called one affects the effectiveness of essays in communicating the authors messageConclusionThere are surely a lot of good reasons to suppose that White a creative writer that he is by all measures and standards is a talent to reckon with. His essay Once More To The Lake surely attests to his ingenuity. In the discussions that were developed, it was learned that Whites personal account of his childhood experiences is successful in emphasizing the themes of remembrance and mortality, inasmuch as it is able to convey well the persona of the author in said work. It was also asserted that Whites writing skills are truly a marvel to behold. And while t he essay has coherence and transition problems here and there, the work can still be considered as a worthwhile material, all things considered.

Group Reflection Exercise

In the recent gathering activity. I was a member In a group of four. I had been absent from class when the groups were allocated and the 2 members present were given the task of choosing severally of our roles. I felt they chose the more difficult roles for themselves, the introduction and conclusion, although I base that on the knowledge of my own strengths and weaknesses, with no knowledge of theirs. They assigned the work conflict to me, which I thought was a logical choice, given my occupation as a police officer.I believe we worked hale together, particularly as we had only very recently met and were four distinctly different personalities. We communicated using email, as we had a number of work and/or study commitments in the week the presentation was due, which prevented us from conflux in person. The group member who had offered to produce the Powering presentation, had a last minute computer problem. I suggested we each write our own section for the Powering and asked t he Introducing member If he minded putting It together. He was happy with that and presented an calorie-free to follow highlight of our talk.I thought our presentation was relevant and the lesson was quite successful, given that we were only commensurate to meet during the practical. Our negotiation techniques were clearly identified and explained by our introducing member and our concluding member related them guts specifically to the scenarios. The only area I can identify that may have made the exercise better, was if we had been able to meet as a group, prior to the presentation. That would have given us the opportunity to do and make any changes that may have been needed. That is something I would put more effort into achieving In the future.

Christmas Holiday Essay

This holiday it was wonderful for me because it was more fun than anothers holidays for now. I got a dandy time and especially it was great because i spent with my familly, i am favorable for that because i have a big familly. Usually the Christams holiday is important for me, than childrens go to carols for Christmas at houses of peoples for declaration the birth of Jesus Christ. I resembling to go for sining and this year i was togeter with my brother and a good friend, i maked much money and i divided in three. On Christmas Eve i decoraded corner and for both my grandparents and the parents. I spended my Christmas in Harman and for New Year i come at my grandparents with my paretns and i spended with they and with uncle, aunt and my cousins.All it was great but with one exception i dont liked because not was snow, i like when is much snow that make the to have spirit this holiday,that is so special and so beautiful,is great when apprehend snow flakes. For night the New Year i got many fireworks and petards, i like this part,this custom and i theorize that liked at all peoples with exception of my grandmother,her dont like the this because is afraid of that but i think that is for their noise deafening,if it dont was that noise with sure her would like. I think the Christmas and New Year is important and special for eachbody,in every year we spend this wonderful moment with all familly and we enjoy with great love.

Personal Space

Personal shoes was an idea first highly-developed by German born Swedish psychologist David Katz in 1937. It is very often describes as an emotionally aerated bubble of property which surrounds each individual or alternately Personal space is the region surround a soulfulness which they regard as psychologically theirs. Most mess value their own(prenominal) space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when their individualised space is encroached. On the contrary hand, some research suggests that the individual(prenominal) space bubble is not circular, moreover elliptical and so we can tolerate large number flood tide faithfulr to us at the side than front or behind.The 4 stages of a persons Personal SpaceThis is a Proxemics Theory, which had been investigated by Edward T Hall in 1959, who describes a persons individualized space to be in 4 layersIntimate outer space for embracing, mite or whispering polish configuration little than 6 inches (15 cm) utter close soma 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm)The closest length is generally the domain of those who devote an intimate relationship with each opposite, but also includes situations where the loving rules renounce pertain, for example in a wrestling match (Edward Hall distinguishes between near situations requiring body contact and far distances which require being very close but not in contact (whispering)). This mark is rather artificial since whether contact occurs will depend on a variety of things such as the loving and physical setting.Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family membersClose phase 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm) Far phase 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm)This zone generally reserved for good friends or intimate partners in a social setting the near aspect is generally reserved for couples or very close friends, whereas, the far phase is use by acquaintances or innocent friends.Social distance for interactions among acquaintances Close phase 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) Far phase 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m)This is the zone where those who ar not acquainted interact or where buttocksup transactions occur. The near distance would be used by those being introduced or for informal task transactions whereas the far phase would be reserved for more formal business processes.Public distance used for universal speaking Close phase 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m) Far phase 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.It is subdivided into near phase such as the distance between a speaker and an audience, and the far phase being the distance for example between the public and an important public figure.This is an easy concept to actualize if anybody enters our bubble, t and then they atomic number 18 invading personal space.Invading Personal SpaceWhen somebody invades other persons personal space it can make the person feel anxious, awkward, insecure, vulnerable, annoyed and uncomfortable simply because there is another person standing too close to them and makes them question the intensions of the invader.. The term invasion would generally only be used if the person invading it has not earned their place in one of the four layers. thither atomic number 18 actually many psychological and physical effects that are activated when a person is getting too close to another and they cause mountain to behave a little various than usual, for exampleExtreme self awareness suddenly we forget how to act naturally.Limited movements and gestures.Reduced eye contact.Turning aside or away from the intruder.Well commonly immediately take a note back.Adopting a defensive position folded arms, less smiles, frowning, tense posture.Stopping the conver sit downion entirely.Factors that influence personal spaceGenderMales interacting with other males require the largest interpersonal distance, Men are more territorial and aggressive by nature and will keep more distance from other men, but when it comes to women we will usually prefer to g et a little closer. This is then followed by females interacting with other females, which requires a little less space and distance as compared to just two men, as investigated by Gifford in 1987. Women are also more sociable than men they get social cues better, more emotionally expressive and are generally better than us men when it comes to emotional communication. Its only natural then that women will feel more comfortable being closer to each other than men. However it plausibly depends on the situation, or the relationship, or the age group and so on as well.CultureThis is perhaps the most important factor when it comes to investigating the difference in invasion of personal space. Hall (1959) identified the immensity of cultural variation. He suggested that while all cultures use personal space to communicate, and tend to conform to the polar categories, the size of the space within the categories varies across cultures. Hall also identified the essential issue in inter-c ultural difference as the tendency to interpret invasions of personal space as an indication of aggression.Some international examples of this are Distant cultures (northern Europe, US, and many other westerns cultures) tend to keep more personal space and use less touching than other more warm cultures. Asian cultures are characterized as more accommodating and accepting attitudes when it comes to personal space, the theory says its due to more crowded living conditions. Other cultures including south Europe, Middle East and South Americans are considered to be more warm by nature touch and close proximity are more experienced and socially accepted. Age- Some evidence suggests that personal space gets bigger as we grow older (Hayduk, 1983). Children tend to be quite happy to be physically close to each other, something which changes as awareness of adult sex develops. In addition the gender difference does tend to also appear at this time.StatusStatus has a long effect on your personal space size and demand. First of all, like the alpha male of the pack, the higher(prenominal) the status the more space is considered to be ones (no surprise that the first class place are bigger and have more space per individual). Status also affects the size of the dominion that is required. Just Like the kings of old owned a huge palace not because they needed 20 bedrooms and an Olympic swimming pool, but because it showed the measure of their power and influence. In modern days we have the analogous mansions of the rich and famous to demonstrate their wealth and rich lifestyle.PersonalityThere is some evidence of personality difference but effects here need to be treated with caution given the situational dependence of traits. Extraverted and social persons tend to require smaller personal space, while cold and quarrelsome wad require a larger interpersonal distance (Gifford, 1982).Urban vs. RuralThe amount of personal space someone needs is relative to the peo ple density of where they live, for example, in sparsely populated areas people get more space than in densely populated areas country people are used to live in a vast and lightly populated areas while city dwellers are more used to crowding. This means that city dwellers will usually have a smaller personal space than country people due to this habit of density.The distance someone extends his/her arm to push hands gives us a clue whether he/she is from a countryfied or urban area. People from the city tend to have an 18-inch bubble which allows the hands to meet in neutral territory. People brought up in a town with a small population have a space bubble of up to a meter. People from rural areas tend to stand with their feet securely planted on the ground and lean forward for the handshake, whereas a city dweller will step forward to greet you. People raised in remote areas might require an even greater Personal Space, which could be as wide as 6 meters. They prefer to wave rather than shake hands.Case Studies check 1- Felipe & Sommer 1966AimTo examine the effects of the invasion of personal space Method- Research was carried out in a public library amongst people of similar cultural backgrounds who were sitting alone. These people were split into two groups 1) Those where the confederate approached them, sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them. 2) Those where the confederate approached them and sat in the next-but-one chair.ResultsWhen someone came and sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them, 70% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. When someone came and sat in the next-but-one chair only 13% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. Conclusion- People found this invasion of their personal space disruptive. Researchers also noted that those whose personal space had been invaded moved their chair, put barriers up such as books and changed their body position to move away.Evaluation of this w atchStrengthHas high ecological validity since it was conducted in a public place. Weakness- This study used people from a similar background and hence may only be applicable to those sorts of people- this study cannot be generalised.Case Study 2- Sommer 1969AimTo examine whether there are cultural differences in the use of personal space Method- Researchers observed groups of Arab people and groups of white English people in conversation. Results- The comfortable distance for conversation for Arab people was under 1 m, whereas for white English people the comfortable distance was between 1 m and 1.5 m. Conclusion- Different cultures are comfortable with different amounts of personal space.Evaluation of this studyStrengthExplores how culture affects somebodys personal space and hence raises awareness of how different cultures have various tolerance levels (when it comes to personal space). This study also raises awareness to people of different cultures when they are visiting other, culture rich countries. Weakness- The study was conducted a long time agone and due to the many revolutions and acceptances between cultures in todays day, the results and findings may not be as accurate now as they were then. This poses questions about whether and how time has affected personal space within the different cultures, and would possibly need a new experiment to be conducted, to update the results.Examples of invading personal spaceInviting a teacher into a students personal space when their help is needed at school/in class for example to help solve a problem this relation is unendingly a professional relationship. When caught fighting and stopped, some kids like to tease the other party with a simple trick- they reach out with their hand and almost touch the other kid (or even worse, stuck the palm in front of their face), then they say something like I dont touch you. Its actually an invitation for a fight, without taking debt instrument for starting it, because i ts impossible not to respond to this kind of irritation.If youll meet your favorite movie star, you will welcome his company and even his touch even though hes almost a complete stranger to you. solely it wont go the other way around- it will be highly inappropriate to get too close to that star without a clear invitation to do so. Youll probably keep a distance from your boss (probably the resembling one from the previous example) during work, but on fishing at trip together some of the social borders will fall down, and youll feel more comfortable being in closer distance. However, when youll get back to work again, youll retain the appropriate workspace between you.

East Orchids

THE discipline STUDY OF eastbound ORCHIDS AREAS OF CONSIDERATION The east Orchids is an orchidaceous plant farm in the campus grounds of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. It was formally opened on May 31, 1989, by Mr. and Mrs. Max Prieto. vitamin E Orchids sold both flash back flowers and plants. As a typical with orhidariums, the farm has a 3,000 sq. m. Canopy enclosure of green netting that blanket a huge inventory of orchids. HISTORY The Prietos family was one of the prominent families in Davao, where Mr. Prieto was a causality mayor. It was during the term of Mr.Prieto that his wife Princess became affaired in orchids. The decision to breed orchids was very arbitrary and definitely not for the allow for of putting up a backup. The East Orchids was started as a hobby of Mrs. Prieto before it was make as a blood. She got curious when her friends were into orchids. She bought a couple and unflinching to try to take c atomic number 18 of them however for frolic until she became obsessed with them. She treated the orchids like her babies that she felt that she just had to take care of them. Mrs. Prietos orchid prayer grew.Soon, the orchids filled the entire garden and were running over into their driveway and some of them had to place immaterial the house. Soon, neigbors and nigh flower shops were offering to buy cut flowers from her. At first, she simply gave the flowers but as the offer change magnitude she began selling these. It was when the orchids alarmed to take over every living space in the stand of family Prietos that Mrs. Prieto decided to sell the whole plants. Because of enormous money was coming into their way, they started to regard slightly orchids as a blood.In 1989, when the Prietos family moved to Manila out-of-pocket to Mr. Prietos commitment, they also made up their minds to ingest 5,000 sq. m. of destroy from University of the Philippines at the subscribe to price of P12,000. 00 a year . They invested to clear up the land which was originally the food waste ball over and for the net enclosure and putting other facilities to start their byplay. OBJECTIVE The Prietos family is planning for the magnification of their orchid farm in either Davao or Los Banos and Antipolo. The goal of this case is to fall if the East Orchids has the capabilities to work out much(prenominal) opportunities.S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS The strengths the EAST ORCHIDS The price is a bit lower than other competitors which will take out more than customers to buy on them. The overhead expenses are much lower The location is very affable The weaknesses of the EAST ORCHIDS No internal control in the wrinkle and the possessor has no management ground The proprietor is lenient in financial aspects of the condescension No business plan was made before head start the Orchids farm, just started out as the hobby. The workers are not well-trained The opportunities of the EAST ORCHIDS The East O rchids has the greater follow to carry if just to make water proper management and overbold technologies and skills to alter the cultivation of orchids at token(prenominal) apostrophize It can contend to others because of low prices The orchids are saleable even the onset of the rainy term doesnt seem to threaten a reductions in gross revenue The threats of the EAST ORCHIDS The workers might hike because they are not-well salaried There are no new technologies in improving the orchids growing The approaching boundary of the lease contract to University of the Philippines.COURSE OF ALTERNATIVE TO DETERMINE THE OBJECTIVES ALTERNATIVESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES 1. )Training program and study for the blowup of orchid farmsThe proprietor should carry her inhabitledge in cultivating the orchids though she already had personal experience in raising the orchids. The possessor should touch proper reproduction in order to cut costs and know some new technologies to improve her orchids farm. And also she should study on how to run a business and have basic accounting knowledge. She should know the carrying into actions of her business and focus on the financial aspects.If she will get a line the training and seminars regarding orchids business it will be costly and time consuming on her part. 2. )Hire an expert or managerIn overdrawing the East Orchids, it should have a manager, who is knowledgeable about orchids business and have a management background, to booster the owner in managing the business because it is already a big business to handle by an owner who has no formal training on orchid growing and business management. Additional employee which may rent for a high salary and the owner has no control to run the business all by herself because has to look the opinion of the manager first. . )Evaluating the operations of the business and make a business plan for expansionTo determine business plan will make a business success. The owner shou ld evaluate first the business operation if it is doing well and know what should have to do to meet the goal. In determining the financial aspects of the business the owner will see the capabilities of the company to expand or not. It will condition back the expansion due to procedure in evaluating and making a business plan and also it will be expensive RECOMMENDATIONS Alternative no. , there should be proper evaluation of the financial statements of the East Orchids to determine the notes position and the results of the operations. And SWOT analysis should be taken into consideration so that Mrs. Prieto should understand her business she would know what these are and how to improve such weaknesses and how to combat the threats on her business. CONCLUSIONS Some additional questions that must be taken into consideration that might help in expanding their business are 1. Is East Orchids really a juicy enterprise? If it is so, do the margins pardon the companys innovation?If no t, what justifies the companys existence? establish on Figure 1 below shows that the company has very minimal margins and that margins do not justify the companys existence if it will continue to be like that. The East Orchids should so something about their business operation and what strategies to be apply for them to boost their revenues. EAST ORCHIDS UP Compound, Diliman, Quezon City gross sales(average sales for 3 months 200,000 x 4 quarters)P 800,000. 00 slight Cost ( 30% of sales) 240,000. 00 Gross Sales 560,000. 00 less run expenses Salaries (10 boys P1,200. 00x 12 months)P 144,000. 0 Ferilizer ( P 5,000 x 12 months) 60,000. 00 Water bill ( P 6,000 x 12 months) 72,000. 00 Electric bill (P15,000 x 12 months) 180,000. 00 456,000. 00 Estimated Net incomeP 104,000. 00 2. How is Mrs. Prieto, who is not a trained orchid or businesswoman, able to compete with established orchid growers? Mrs. Prieto has interest, skills and talents in growing business and she is able compete in the sense that she has this marketing strategy of lower prices which attracts the customers to buy orchids to East Orchids. 3. Should the Prietos push through with their plans to expand their business?Would such expansion compatible with the Mrs. Prietos current method acting of managing the business? I think the Prietos should hold back first their plans to expand their business until they see the problem with their business. Mrs Prietos current method of managing the business is not compatible if they will expand because it will require proper accounting strategy and efficient manager who knows the orchid farms operation. 4. Is she a on-key entrepreneur? Mrs. Prieto is not a true entrepreneur although she has interest and skills in growing orchids but her attitude does not illustrate being a true entrepreneur.East OrchidsTHE CASE STUDY OF EAST ORCHIDS AREAS OF CONSIDERATION The East Orchids is an orchid farm in the campus grounds of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. It was formally opened on May 31, 1989, by Mr. and Mrs. Max Prieto. East Orchids sold both cut flowers and plants. As a typical with orhidariums, the farm has a 3,000 sq. m. Canopy enclosure of green netting that covering a huge inventory of orchids. HISTORY The Prietos family was one of the prominent families in Davao, where Mr. Prieto was a former mayor. It was during the term of Mr.Prieto that his wife Princess became interested in orchids. The decision to breed orchids was very arbitrary and definitely not for the purpose of putting up a business. The East Orchids was started as a hobby of Mrs. Prieto before it was organized as a business. She got curious when her friends were into orchids. She bought a couple and decided to try to take care of them just for fun until she became obsessed with them. She treated the orchids like her babies that she felt that she just had to take care of them. Mrs. Prietos orchid collection grew.Soon, the orchids filled the entire gard en and were running over into their driveway and some of them had to place outside the house. Soon, neigbors and nearby flower shops were offering to buy cut flowers from her. At first, she simply gave the flowers but as the offer increased she began selling these. It was when the orchids alarmed to take over every living space in the home of family Prietos that Mrs. Prieto decided to sell the whole plants. Because of enormous money was coming into their way, they started to think about orchids as a business.In 1989, when the Prietos family moved to Manila due to Mr. Prietos commitment, they also made up their minds to lease 5,000 sq. m. of land from University of the Philippines at the lease price of P12,000. 00 a year. They invested to clear up the land which was originally the garbage dump and for the net enclosure and putting other facilities to start their business. OBJECTIVE The Prietos family is planning for the expansion of their orchid farm in either Davao or Los Banos and Antipolo. The goal of this case is to determine if the East Orchids has the capabilities to exploit such opportunities.S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS The strengths the EAST ORCHIDS The price is a bit lower than other competitors which will attract more customers to buy on them. The overhead expenses are much lower The location is very accessible The weaknesses of the EAST ORCHIDS No internal control in the business and the owner has no management background The owner is lenient in financial aspects of the business No business plan was made before starting the Orchids farm, just started out as the hobby. The workers are not well-trained The opportunities of the EAST ORCHIDS The East Orchids has the greater chance to expand if just to have proper management and new technologies and skills to improve the cultivation of orchids at minimal cost It can compete to others because of low prices The orchids are saleable even the onset of the rainy season doesnt seem to threaten a reductions in sales Th e threats of the EAST ORCHIDS The workers might hike because they are not-well compensated There are no new technologies in improving the orchids growing The approaching termination of the lease contract to University of the Philippines.COURSE OF ALTERNATIVE TO DETERMINE THE OBJECTIVES ALTERNATIVESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES 1. )Training program and study for the expansion of orchid farmsThe owner should broaden her knowledge in cultivating the orchids though she already had personal experience in raising the orchids. The owner should attend proper training in order to cut costs and know some new technologies to improve her orchids farm. And also she should study on how to run a business and have basic accounting knowledge. She should know the operations of her business and focus on the financial aspects.If she will attend the training and seminars regarding orchids business it will be expensive and time consuming on her part. 2. )Hire an expert or managerIn expanding the East Orchids, it should have a manager, who is knowledgeable about orchids business and have a management background, to help the owner in managing the business because it is already a big business to handle by an owner who has no formal training on orchid growing and business management. Additional employee which may ask for a high salary and the owner has no control to run the business all by herself because has to consider the opinion of the manager first. . )Evaluating the operations of the business and make a business plan for expansionTo determine business plan will make a business success. The owner should evaluate first the business operation if it is doing well and know what should have to do to meet the goal. In determining the financial aspects of the business the owner will see the capabilities of the company to expand or not. It will hold back the expansion due to procedure in evaluating and making a business plan and also it will be expensive RECOMMENDATIONS Alternative no. , there should be proper evaluation of the financial statements of the East Orchids to determine the cash position and the results of the operations. And SWOT analysis should be taken into consideration so that Mrs. Prieto should understand her business she would know what these are and how to improve such weaknesses and how to combat the threats on her business. CONCLUSIONS Some additional questions that must be taken into consideration that might help in expanding their business are 1. Is East Orchids really a profitable enterprise? If it is so, do the margins justify the companys existence?If not, what justifies the companys existence? Based on Figure 1 below shows that the company has very minimal margins and that margins do not justify the companys existence if it will continue to be like that. The East Orchids should so something about their business operation and what strategies to be apply for them to boost their revenues. EAST ORCHIDS UP Compound, Diliman, Quezon City Sales(averag e sales for 3 months 200,000 x 4 quarters)P 800,000. 00 less Cost ( 30% of sales) 240,000. 00 Gross Sales 560,000. 00 less Operating expenses Salaries (10 boys P1,200. 00x 12 months)P 144,000. 0 Ferilizer ( P 5,000 x 12 months) 60,000. 00 Water bill ( P 6,000 x 12 months) 72,000. 00 Electric bill (P15,000 x 12 months) 180,000. 00 456,000. 00 Estimated Net incomeP 104,000. 00 2. How is Mrs. Prieto, who is not a trained orchid or businesswoman, able to compete with established orchid growers? Mrs. Prieto has interest, skills and talents in growing business and she is able compete in the sense that she has this marketing strategy of lower prices which attracts the customers to buy orchids to East Orchids. 3. Should the Prietos push through with their plans to expand their business?Would such expansion compatible with the Mrs. Prietos current method of managing the business? I think the Prietos should hold back first their plans to expand their business until they see the problem with their business. Mrs Prietos current method of managing the business is not compatible if they will expand because it will require proper accounting system and competent manager who knows the orchid farms operation. 4. Is she a true entrepreneur? Mrs. Prieto is not a true entrepreneur although she has interest and skills in growing orchids but her attitude does not illustrate being a true entrepreneur.

An Analysis of Leadership Models

Models and their Influence on Educational Leadership Pamela Lee University of Phoenix An Analysis of Leadership Models Although there is no conclusive, comprehensive description of lead, there has been advances in researching attractership theories that excite been unc all overed and carried out over the last 200 years. In the after-hours sass, the trait theory permeated the leaders theory. The World War earned run average saw the beginning of the adventure/situation leaders theories of Fiddler, Broom-Yet, and Hershey-Blanchard. In the sass, the research turned toward behavioral leadership theories.Many researchers started to drill rating skills and tolerate interviews to line the specific behaviors that leaders engaged in on-the-Job (Wren, 1995). The most(prenominal) recent leadership theories, transactional, and transformational, center on the relationships between leaders and followers. According to Viola, Wallaby, and Weber, Today, the field of leadership centrali se on non only on the leader, notwithstanding also the followers, peers, supervisors, work setting/context, and culture (Viola, Wallaby, & Weber, 2009, p. 422). Many of the leadership office staffs halt been used in education.The undermentioned will be a historical analysis of the trait, behavioral, transactional, and transformational poses and their influence on educational leadership over the past 200 years. Close attention will be salaried to the evolution of the educational leader ( lede) and how his or her types have variety showd over time. The scientific study of leadership began in the late sass with the stripping of the traits theory. The common assumption of the time was that certain sight were born with the index to lead, thus making them snap off leaders than another(prenominal)s.Schemers stated, Those who became leaders were different from those who remained lowers (Schemers, 1995, p. 83). The goal of trait research was to recognise traits that were ass ociated with leadership. The tests measured dominance, masculinity, sensitivity, and physical appearance, to comprise a few (Schemers, p. 83). During this time, a key leadership graphic symbol in education was beginning to develop, the forefronts. As a depart of the expansion of education, the one room groomhouse model with a teacher or master became obsolete.In the sass, grade level schools were established and certain teachers were elevated to the jell of corpus teacher (Kafka, p. 321). The genius teacher at this time also possessed certain traits. The head teacher was most always male, who could perfect(a) the following clerical and administrative duties that kept the school in order, such as assigning classes, conducting discipline, abide bying the contouring, winning attendance, and ensuring that school began and ended on time (Kafka, p. 231)t.According to Kafka, These duties brought the principal teacher a degree of post, as did his role in communicating and answ ering to the district superintendent, who tended to govern local schools from afar (Kafka, 2009, p. 231). Many of these roles matched the traits earlier place by the scientific studies. The principal was male and showed dominance through with(predicate) authority and could manage and maintain jurisprudence and order in the school. The role of principal and the type of person who alter this position would not change until the scientific research revealed that traits alone do not determine who should be in leadership positions.In the late sass, Stodgily discovered that traits alone do not determine leadership (Schemers, 1995, p. 84). As a result of Stodgily discovery, new models of leadership were created and researched. One model, behaviorism, researched the behaviors ( expressive sprints) that a leader would border in his or her elect field. Questionnaires such as the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was used to identify behaviors that leaders engaged in (Schemers, p. 85). In education, the principals role changed as the country went off to war and people feared the fascist and communist dictatorships.As a result of the changes in the world and new education fair plays passed, specifically the law that made school compulsory, the principals role changed and evolved. The principals role became a more democratic role. According to Kafka, there was a greater expectation that other members of the school community-? including faculty and even students-?would help make decisions and govern the school. In this sense, the principals authority was drawn some from his role as a democratic leader (Kafka, 2009, p. 325).Principals would have many roles, they would become instructional leaders, and use the professional training they received and the scientific theories they were presumed to have mastered to get under ones skin about the very opera hat classroom teaching and learning (Beck & Murphy, 1993, p. 73-76). Principals ere instructed how to manage c ustodians and cafeteria duties. Principals were expected to demonstrate a democratic leadership style when running his or her school. In the sass, leadership research shifted from situational and contingency models to the transactional and transformational addresses.The transactional approach made popular by the research of Edwin Hollander focused on the leader as the star of the show. The transactional model did not focus on behaviors or specific situation, but on improving an organization through incentives and rewards. One transactional theory, the vertical twosome linkage theory plopped by Green, described how leaders in groups maintain their position through a series of tacit exchange agreements with their members (Schemers, p. 91). The transformational approach in contrast, is based on the interaction of leaders and followers.Bass, Burns, and signboard became key leaders in the research annals of transformational leadership. According to Cutout, authorized transformationa l is socialized and transcends self-interest for utile or moral reasons. It seeks a convergence of values distinguish material from pseudo forms of transformational leadership (Cutout, 2002, p. 96). Although the transactional leadership approach can be found primarily throughout moving in organizations, it also can be found in education at the principal position along with the transformational approach.In the field of education, a principal can implement both transformational and transactional leadership approaches simultaneously. In the sass, principals became agents of change. Healthier stated, that this focus on the principals capacity to enact change was only affirmed in the sass with the popularity of Ron Edmondson effective schools research, which exclamatory that strong administrative leadership as a common characteristic of successful schools (Healthier, 1992, p. 37). As a result of No fry Left Behind (NCSC), schools have implemented high stakes testing to satisfy the requirements of the law.Principals are vex in the position of having to wear two hats, a transformational hat and a transactional hat. Pepper states, A principals power to skillfully balance transform and transactional leadership styles will best position a school to obtain the goals set forth by NCSC while also continuing to focus on individual students need for academic success (Pepper, 2010, p. 3). A principal practices a transformational leadership style when he or she is practicing shared out leadership with staff, parents, and students.A principal would collaborate with teachers in the areas of curriculum development and instructional practices. The principal also would have a shared vision for the school and collaborate with staff and students to build an effective school culture. The principal would practice transactional leadership when he or she are overseeing the daily trading operations of the school. The principal would be enforcing policies, procedures, and rule s of the school. The principal would reward teachers for accomplishing their goals and discipline teachers who do not live up to his or her standards.Although most would think of a principal as a transformational leader, there are times when a principal also has to be a transactional leader to accomplish goals, increase student achievement, and have a safe and effective school for both staff and students. Research and psychological studies will continue to tolerate to the pool of leadership theories illustrated in this essay. The study of leadership has evolved from a leader-centered models with the advent of trait and behavioral studies to a Ochs on a two-dimensional study that revolves around culture, context, and emotions as seen with the transactional and transformational models.An Analysis of Leadership ModelsModels and their Influence on Educational Leadership Pamela Lee University of Phoenix An Analysis of Leadership Models Although there is no conclusive, comprehensive def inition of leadership, there has been advances in researching leadership theories that have been uncovered and carried out over the last 200 years. In the late sass, the trait theory permeated the leadership theory. The World War era saw the beginning of the contingency/situation leadership theories of Fiddler, Broom-Yet, and Hershey-Blanchard. In the sass, the research turned toward behavioral leadership theories.Many researchers started to use rating skills and conduct interviews to identify the specific behaviors that leaders engaged in on-the-Job (Wren, 1995). The most recent leadership theories, transactional, and transformational, focus on the relationships between leaders and followers. According to Viola, Wallaby, and Weber, Today, the field of leadership focus not only on the leader, but also the followers, peers, supervisors, work setting/context, and culture (Viola, Wallaby, & Weber, 2009, p. 422). Many of the leadership models have been used in education.The following wi ll be a historical analysis of the trait, behavioral, transactional, and transformational models and their influence on educational leadership over the past 200 years. Close attention will be paid to the evolution of the educational leader (principal) and how his or her roles have changed over time. The scientific study of leadership began in the late sass with the discovery of the traits theory. The common assumption of the time was that certain people were born with the ability to lead, thus making them better leaders than others.Schemers stated, Those who became leaders were different from those who remained lowers (Schemers, 1995, p. 83). The goal of trait research was to identify traits that were associated with leadership. The tests measured dominance, masculinity, sensitivity, and physical appearance, to name a few (Schemers, p. 83). During this time, a key leadership role in education was beginning to develop, the principals. As a result of the expansion of education, the o ne room schoolhouse model with a teacher or master became obsolete.In the sass, grade level schools were established and certain teachers were elevated to the position of principal teacher (Kafka, p. 321). The principal teacher at this time also possessed certain traits. The principal was most always male, who could complete the following clerical and administrative duties that kept the school in order, such as assigning classes, conducting discipline, maintaining the building, taking attendance, and ensuring that school began and ended on time (Kafka, p. 231)t.According to Kafka, These duties brought the principal teacher a degree of authority, as did his role in communicating and answering to the district superintendent, who tended to govern local schools from afar (Kafka, 2009, p. 231). Many of these roles matched the traits earlier identified by the scientific studies. The principal was male and showed dominance through authority and could manage and maintain law and order in th e school. The role of principal and the type of person who filled this position would not change until the scientific research revealed that traits alone do not determine who should be in leadership positions.In the late sass, Stodgily discovered that traits alone do not determine leadership (Schemers, 1995, p. 84). As a result of Stodgily discovery, new models of leadership were created and researched. One model, behaviorism, researched the behaviors (styles) that a leader would demonstrate in his or her chosen field. Questionnaires such as the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was used to identify behaviors that leaders engaged in (Schemers, p. 85). In education, the principals role changed as the country went off to war and people feared the fascist and communist dictatorships.As a result of the changes in the world and new education laws passed, specifically the law that made school compulsory, the principals role changed and evolved. The principals role became a more de mocratic role. According to Kafka, there was a greater expectation that other members of the school community-? including faculty and even students-?would help make decisions and govern the school. In this sense, the principals authority was drawn somewhat from his role as a democratic leader (Kafka, 2009, p. 325).Principals would have many roles, they would become instructional leaders, and use the professional training they received and the scientific theories they were presumed to have mastered to bring about the very best classroom teaching and learning (Beck & Murphy, 1993, p. 73-76). Principals ere instructed how to manage custodians and cafeteria duties. Principals were expected to demonstrate a democratic leadership style when running his or her school. In the sass, leadership research shifted from situational and contingency models to the transactional and transformational approaches.The transactional approach made popular by the research of Edwin Hollander focused on the l eader as the star of the show. The transactional model did not focus on behaviors or specific situation, but on improving an organization through incentives and rewards. One transactional theory, the vertical dyad linkage theory plopped by Green, described how leaders in groups maintain their position through a series of tacit exchange agreements with their members (Schemers, p. 91). The transformational approach in contrast, is based on the interaction of leaders and followers.Bass, Burns, and House became key leaders in the research annals of transformational leadership. According to Cutout, Genuine transformational is socialized and transcends self-interest for utilitarian or moral reasons. It seeks a convergence of values distinguish genuine from pseudo forms of transformational leadership (Cutout, 2002, p. 96). Although the transactional leadership approach can be found primarily throughout business organizations, it also can be found in education at the principal position alo ng with the transformational approach.In the field of education, a principal can implement both transformational and transactional leadership approaches simultaneously. In the sass, principals became agents of change. Healthier stated, that this focus on the principals capacity to enact change was only affirmed in the sass with the popularity of Ron Edmondson effective schools research, which emphasized that strong administrative leadership as a common characteristic of successful schools (Healthier, 1992, p. 37). As a result of No Child Left Behind (NCSC), schools have implemented high stakes testing to satisfy the requirements of the law.Principals are put in the position of having to wear two hats, a transformational hat and a transactional hat. Pepper states, A principals ability to skillfully balance transform and transactional leadership styles will best position a school to accomplish the goals set forth by NCSC while also continuing to focus on individual students needs for academic success (Pepper, 2010, p. 3). A principal practices a transformational leadership style when he or she is practicing shared leadership with staff, parents, and students.A principal would collaborate with teachers in the areas of curriculum development and instructional practices. The principal also would have a shared vision for the school and collaborate with staff and students to build an effective school culture. The principal would practice transactional leadership when he or she are overseeing the daily operations of the school. The principal would be enforcing policies, procedures, and rules of the school. The principal would reward teachers for accomplishing their goals and discipline teachers who do not live up to his or her standards.Although most would think of a principal as a transformational leader, there are times when a principal also has to be a transactional leader to accomplish goals, increase student achievement, and have a safe and effective school for both staff and students. Research and psychological studies will continue to contribute to the pool of leadership theories illustrated in this essay. The study of leadership has evolved from a leader-centered models with the advent of trait and behavioral studies to a Ochs on a multidimensional study that revolves around culture, context, and emotions as seen with the transactional and transformational models.